Development and application of a small-scale canning procedure for the evaluation of small white beans (phaseolus vulgaris)

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Date
2004
Authors
Van Loggerenberg, Magdalena
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Publisher
University of the Free State
Abstract
English: Laboratory canning and evaluation of dry beans are common practices for testing canning quality of cultivars before commercial release to canning industries. Suitable laboratory canning and evaluation procedures for small white beans in tomato sauce were identified. Standard values for choice and standard grade beans for laboratory evaluation of canning quality were defined, using four small white bean cultivars from nine localities during the 2000/01 season. The cultivar Teebus was used as reference standard for choice grade beans and its canning quality complied with international guidelines when the modified canning technique (MCT) was used. From the laboratory and modified canning evaluation procedures hydration coefficient, percentage washed drained weight, visual appearance (scale 1 to 10), splits (scale 1 to 10), texture (kg.100 g -1 .12 s -1 ), size, clumping, L-values, aL-values and bL-values were identified as suitable canning parameters for small scale evaluation of beans. Beans canned with the MCT were also canned and evaluated industrially and results compared. The interpretation of the different canning parameters with laboratory and industrial canning were simplified by the use of canonical variate analysis (CVA). Canonical variate analysis indicated the same groupings for cultivars according to choice and standard grade canning quality for laboratory and industrial canned beans. Laboratory canning and evaluation could be used in the evaluation of the canning quality of beans intended for industrial canning. Canning quality of seven small white bean cultivars from 33 localities and two seasons was determined with the MCT and CVA. Cultivars with acceptable and unacceptable canning quality were identified using laboratory evaluation and CVA. The CVA resulted in a prediction model for canonical variates 1 and 2 (CV 1 and CV 2) by identifying two discriminative equations for CV 1 and CV 2 scores. The CVA for environments identified differences in the canning quality of beans from different regions, while also indicating seasonal differences. The canning quality of dry bean cultivars from different environments can be determined using CVA. The model equations for the prediction of the canning quality of small white beans were validated on four cultivar samples from four regions (2000/01 season) and 24 breeding samples from three localities (2002/03 season) that were not included in the development of the model. The CVA and the model identified the same entries from breeding trials over localities not to be significantly different from Teebus (P > 0.05) in canning quality, but were unable to group cultivars statistically correct according to choice grade. The model was however capable of grouping standard and choice grade cultivars separately. The model could be applied to identify breeding trial entries as choice grade and to identify entry x locality interactions. The use of small-scale canning and evaluation procedures in combination with CVA could be employed to classify cultivar canning quality as either choice- or standard grade and to determine environmental canning quality. These techniques could be used, with the assistance of the prediction model to compare samples from a breeding program with a reference standard.
Afrikaans: Droëbone word meestal in die laboratorium ingemaak en geëvalueer vir inmaakkwaliteit voor kommersiële vrystelling aan inmaakindustriëe. Geskikte laboratorium inmaak- en evalueringstegnieke vir kleinwitbone in tamatiesous, is geïdentifiseer en standaardwaardes vir keur- en standaardgraad bone vir laboratoriumevaluering gedefinieer. Vier kleinwit boonkultivars vanaf nege lokaliteite is hiervoor gebruik gedurende die 2000/01 seisoen. Die kultivar Teebus is gebruik as verwysingstandaard vir keurgraad bone en sy inmaakkwaliteit het voldoen aan internasionale riglyne toe die gewysigde inmaaktegniek (MCT) gebruik is. Die laboratorium en gewysigde evalueringsprosedures is gebruik. Die hidrasiekoëffisiënt, persentasie dreineringsmassa, visuele voorkoms (skaal 1 to 10), brekasie (skaal 1 to 10), tekstuur (kg.100 g-1.12 s-1), grootte, klontvorming, L-, aL- en bL-waardes is geïdentifiseer om geskik te wees as inmaakparameters vir die kleinskaalse evaluering van bone. Die resultate van bone wat met die MCT asook industrieel ingemaak is, is vergelyk. Die interpretasie van die verskillende inmaakparameters wat tydens laboratorium en industriële inmaak gebruik word, is vergemaklik deur van kanoniese variansie analises gebruik te maak (CVA). Kanoniese variansieanalises het dielfde groeperings vir cultivars ten opsigte van keur- en standaardgraad inmaakkwaliteit met beide die bone wat met laboratorium en industriële tegnieke ingemaak is, aangedui. Die laboratorium inmaak – en evalueringstegnieke kan dus gebruik word vir die evaluering van die inmaakkwaliteit van bone wat vir industriële inmaak bedoel is. Die inmaakkwaliteit van sewe kleinwit droëboonkultivars vanaf 33 lokaliteite en oor twee seisoene is bepaal met die MCT en CVA. Kultivars met aanvaarbare en onaanvaarbare inmaakkwaliteit is geïdentifiseer deur van die laboratorium evalueringsprosedure en CVA gebruik te maak. Uit die CVA is ‘n model vir die eerste en tweede kanoniese variante (CV 1 and CV2) verkry deurdat twee onderskeidende vergelykings vir CV 1 en CV 2 tellings aangedui is. Die CVA vir omgewingsverskille het die inmaakkwaliteit van bone vanuit verskillende streke aangedui, asook dié vanaf verskillende seisoene. Die inmaakkwaliteit van droëbone uit verskillende omgewings kan dus met behulp van ‘n CVA bepaal word. Die modelvergelykings, verkry met die CVA, vir die voorspelling van die inmaakkwaliteit van kleinwit bone is geverifieer op vier kultivars vanaf vier streke (2000/01 seisoen) en 24 teelmonsters vanaf drie lokaliteite (2002/03 seisoen) wat nie tydens die ontwikkeling van die model ingesluit was nie. Die CVA en die model het dieselfde inskrywings oor verskillende omgewings aangedui as nie betekenisvol verskillend van Teebus ten opsigte van inmaakkwaliteit nie (P > 0.05). Die model kon egter nie kultivars statisties korrek voorspel volgens inmaakgraad nie. Standaard- en keurgraad kultivars is wel korrek saamgegroepeer. Die model kan suksesvol aangewend word om teelmonsters te identifiseer as keurgraad oor lokaliteite en kan inskrywing x lokaliteit interaksies aandui. Die gebruik van kleinskaalse inmaak- en evalueringsprosedures, tesame met CVA kan suksesvol gebruik word om kultivars te klassifiseer as keur- of standaardgraad en om die inmaakkwaliteit van omgewings te bepaal. Hierdie inmaaktegnieke kan ook tesame met die voorspellingsmodel gebruik word om die inmaakkwaliteit van kleinwit bone vanaf ‘n teelprogram met ‘n verwysingstandaard te vergelyk.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology))--University of the Free State, 2004, Common bean -- Processing, Common bean -- Preservation, Canning and preserving, Food -- Quality, Canning parameters, Phaseolus vulgaris, Laboratory canning, Small white dry beans, Industrial canning, Cultivar evaluation, Canonical variate analysis, Canning techniques, Canning quality, Breeding samples, Canning prediction model
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