High school teachers as agents of hope: a practical theological engagement

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Date
2014-07-23
Authors
Botha, Carolina Stephanusina
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University of the Free State
Abstract
English: This participatory action research journey with teachers from old model C high schools in South Africa investigates the possibility that teaching might be a practical theological engagement that sanctions teachers towards becoming agents of hope for themselves and their colleagues. This qualitative study is built upon an epistemology of a postmodern, postfoundationalist approach to practical theology embodied within a narrative, feminist and social constructionist feminist framework. Such a multi-authored approach to research also creates space for the individual voices of silenced, marginalized and often burnt out teachers to be heard. Through a constant migration between theory and praxis within the habitus of practical theology, the academic discourses about teachers, factors causing stress in their lives and their personal relationship with God are explored. This specific context creates a moment of praxis where teachers can feel empowered and in a position to facilitate social transformation. This research journey thus concerns itself with a critical reflection on the secular and religious aspects as it is understood in the specific context of a teacher. The postfoundationalist approach to practical theology forces a researcher to firstly listen to the stories of people in real life situations and does not merely aim to describe a general context, but confronts the participants with a specific and concrete situation, in this case the state of education in South Africa. Two groups of participants took part in this study. Through conversations the first group conceptualized the factors causing stress in their lives and explored the traditional understanding of having a calling. The question is asked whether the traditional concept of calling is still relevant in the lives of modern day teachers. Concepts like stewardship and servant leadership are offered as alternatives. It is then postulated that the awareness of the presence of God in a teacher’s professional life can change the way that this person perceives a calling, will cope with stress and anxiety, as well as reduce the possibility of them experiencing severe burnout. The second group attended a weekend retreat where these teachers could share hope and encourage each other to take part in healing conversations. They were offered the opportunity to re-author their stories and deconstruct the discourses that shapes their lives and identities as teachers. Subsequently, their preferred identities as teachers with a calling to be stewards for the Kingdom of God were strengthened through conceptualizing the influence that living according to such an identity can have on their relationship with the Department of Education, their colleagues, themselves and their relationship with God. The teachers attending the retreat also defined and conceptualized a school driven by a calling. They further committed to transform their school to becoming such a school driven by a calling. Seeing themselves as practical theologians does not eliminate the factors that cause stress in teachers’ lives, but it becomes the driving force that keeps them coping in times of duress. The participants in this research journey learned that having a calling to teach requires a daily commitment to being in the service of God, to viewing the children and the situation in education in South Africa through the eyes of God. Being a practical theologian creates a different kind of responsibility in the Christian teacher, because they are now accountable to an alternative source than only the Department of Education, they answer to God. Thus they become the hands and feet of God in their classrooms and in turn, serve as guardians and agents of hope for each other.
Afrikaans: In hierdie deelnemende aksie navorsingsreis met onderwysers van oud model C hoërskole in Suid Afrika word die moontlikheid ondersoek dat onderwys dalk ‘n prakties teologiese onderneming kan wees wat onderwysers uitdaag om beskermers van hoop vir hulleself en hulle kollegas te word. Hierdie kwalitatiewe studie is gestruktureer vanuit ‘n epistemologie van ‘n postmoderne, “postfoundationalist” benadering to praktiese teologie wat gefundeer is in narratiewe, feministiese en sosiale konstruksie diskoers. Só ‘n veel-stemmige benadering tot navorsing skep ruimte vir die individuele stemme van onderwysers wat stil geword het, ingeperk is, gemarginaliseer en dikwels uitgebrand voel. Deur ‘n konstante migrasie tussen praktyk en teorie binne die habitus van praktiese teologie word die dominante diskoerse oor onderwysers, faktore wat stres in hul lewens veroorsaak en hul persoonlike verhouding met God ondersoek. Hierdie spesifieke konteks skep sodoende ‘n moment van “praxis” waar onderwysers bemagtig word om sosiale transformasie te fasiliteer. Hierdie navorsingsreis is bemoeid met ‘n kritiese en geïntegreerde refleksie op die sekulêre en geestelike aspekte van onderwys soos dit verstaan word in die spesifieke konteks van die onderwyser. Die “postfoundationalist” benadering tot praktiese teologie noop ‘n navorser om eerstens aandagtig te luister na die alledaagse omstandighede van mense in regte lewe situasies en poog nie net om ‘n algemene konteks te beskryf nie, maar konfronteer die deelnemers met ‘n spesifieke en konkrete situasie, in hierdie geval die stand van onderwys in Suid-Afrika. Twee groepe deelnemers het aan hierdie navorsingsprojek deelgeneem. Die eerste groep het, deur middel van verskeie gesprekke, faktore geidentifiseer wat stres in hul lewens veroorsaak en ook die tradisionele siening van die konsep roeping ontgin. Die vraag is gevra of die tradisionele konsep van roeping nog relevant is in die lewens van hedendaagse onderwysers. Konsepte soos rentmeesterskap en diensleierskap is as alternatiewe gebied. Dit word gestel dat ‘n roepingsbesef en ‘n bewustheid van die teenwoordigheid van God in ‘n onderwyser se professionele lewe ‘n verandering kan bring aan ‘n individu se verstaan van roeping, aan hoe stres en angs ervaar word en gevolglik dus ‘n vermindering in die moontlikheid van uitbranding te weeg te bring. Die tweede groep deelnemers het ‘n naweek retraite bygewoon waar hierdie onderwysers deur genesende gesprekke hoop kon deel en mekaar kon bemoedig. Hulle is die geleentheid gebied om alternatiewe stories te skryf en die diskoerse wat hul lewens en identiteit definieer, te dekonstrueer. Hul verkose identiteit as roepingsgedrewe onderwysers en rentmeesters vir die Koninkryk van God is versterk deur gesprekke oor die invloed wat ‘n lewe volgens so ‘n identiteit sal hê op hul verhouding met die Departement van Onderwys, hulle kollegas, hulleself en hulle verhouding met God. Hierdie retraite was ook ‘n geleentheid om die konsep van ‘n roepingsgedrewe skool te definieër, ondersoek en na te streef. Deur ‘n roepingsidentiteit te versterk en hulleself dan moontlik te beskou as praktiese teoloë sal nie die faktore wat stres veroorsaak heeltemal elimineer nie, maar dit word die dryfkrag wat veerkragtigheid in moeilike tye aanmoedig. Die deelnemers aan hierdie navorsingsreis het geleer dat ‘n roeping ‘n daaglikse toewyding is om in die diens van God te staan, om kinders en die stand van onderwys in Suid Afrika deur God se bril te sien. Om ‘n praktiese teoloog te wees skep ‘n alternatiewe soort verantwoordelikheid by die Christen-onderwyser omdat hulle nou rekenskap moet gee teenoor meer as die Departement van Onderwys, hulle doen verantwoording aan God. So word elke onderwyser God se hande en voete in hulle klaskamers en gevolglik ook die beskermers van hoop vir mekaar.
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Keywords
Thesis (Ph.D. (Practical Theology))--University of the Free State, 2012, High school teachers -- Job stress -- South Africa, Church and education -- South Africa, High school teachers -- South Africa -- Religious aspects, Old model C schools, Practical theology, Agents of hope, Servant leadership, Stress, Burnout, Retreat
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