Doctoral Degrees (Odeion School of Music)

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/11660/570

Browse

Browsing Doctoral Degrees (Odeion School of Music) by Subject "Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Codes of Good Practice"

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Critical success factors enabling the financial sustainability of South African donor-funded community music development programmes
    (University of the Free State, 2016) Voges, Sarah Maria (Arisa); Viljoen, Martina; Van Zyl, Johan H.
    𝑬𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒉 This research study is an investigation into the financial sustainability of South African donor-funded community music development programmes (CMDPs). The aim was to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) that have enabled CMDPs to survive for more than five years. An interdisciplinary approach was followed to bridge the gap between music and business management. The literature review focused on the impact of music education on human and economic development, and explored the financial sustainability of non-profit organisations. Music education has played an important socio-economic development role for centuries, and continues to do so through the economic impact of the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI). CMDPs nurture the employability, self-esteem and general wellbeing of marginalised youth. The cognitive, emotional and social skills acquired by playing a music instrument and participating in group music-making activities foster creativity and innovation – essential skills required in the contemporary workplace. These benefits are maximised if tuition is sustained from the ages of eight to seventeen. Music education also facilitates cross-cultural engagement, nurtures social cohesion and nation-building, and alleviates inequality and unemployment. Hence, as proposed in the National Development Plan, music and the arts have significant potential to bring about positive change and to contribute to the development of the creative economy in South Africa. However, donor-funded CMDPs have become underfunded, understaffed and unsustainable because music education remains marginalised in the current insecure political and funding environment.In the empirical investigation an emerging, exploratory qualitative research design was applied and multi-methods used for triangulation. A homogenous, purposeful sample was compiled and augmented through snowball sampling. Thirty-seven electronic questionnaires received between June and December 2015 were analysed, and the results triangulated with data obtained through seven elite interviews. Several telephone and email enquiries were also made to obtain information about the causes of the demise of defunct CMDPs. The main findings revealed that securing funding, parental involvement and community support and transport were the CSFs that determined CMDP longevity, concurring with previous conclusions reached by other South African researchers. A lack of insight into financial management best practice – aggravated by fundraising inefficiency – exacerbates the current CMDP financial hardship. Despite the commendable 40.7% of income CMDPs have secured through a combination of support from local governments, the National Lotteries Distribution Trust Fund and the national government, the need for more government support and efficiency in funding disbursements was highlighted. The efficient management of human resources to build human capacity also emerged as a key determinant of financial sustainability. To maximise the benefits of CMDPs, early childhood development and lifelong learning programmes should be implemented and the use of indigenous music encouraged to enhance intercultural learning. Harnessing the benefits of the CCI require more support from government and universities, cultural entrepreneurship and the efficient use of technology. The financial sustainability of CMDPs will be nurtured by the application of the Tuckman-Chang financial sustainability measures – notably revenue diversification – and the elements of Inyathelo’s Advancement model. By integrating multi-stakeholder relationship-building with effective governance, leadership, strategy and planning, human capacity, financial management, organisational voice and visibility, fundraising and monitoring and evaluation, CMDPs position themselves better to attract support. Improved infrastructure and asset management (transport, venues, instruments and technology), the effective management of human resources (parental involvement, staff training, succession planning and an increase in the appointment of full-time staff) and a scientific approach to fundraising will enhance the financial sustainability of CMDPs. To nurture their fundraising potential, CMDPs should invest in research and development and online crowdfunding. New business models should be explored to foster self-reliance through earned income and by embracing pivotal fundraising tools made available through recent changes in the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Codes of Good Practice. In conclusion, a holistic approach that nurtures relationships and speaks to the goodness, kindness and helpfulness of humanity is advocated, because it demonstrates the traditional African value of Ubuntu.